Sites of Interest to The East of Newton-le-Willows
| Site number | 01 | |
| Site name | Winwick to Golborne Line | |
| NGR | SJ 5948 9484 to SJ 5977 9535 | |
| Site type | Railway | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/16 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Ordnance Survey 1893c | |
| Description | The railway was bnilt in the late nineteenth century to connect the Liverpool and Manchester railway line (Site 02) with the Warrington to Preston route. It first appears on the 1893 Ordnance Survey maps and thereafter on all subsequent Ordnance Survey maps. | |
| Assessment | The site lies on the outside edge of the application site boundary and will not be directly affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 02 | |
| Site name | Liverpool and Manchester Railway | |
| NGR | SJ 5977 9535 to SJ 6010 9540 | |
| Site type | Railway | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/160 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; LRO DRL 1/56 1839; Ordnance Survey 1849a and 1849b; Crosby 1998 | |
| Description | ||
| Assessment | Due to the nature of the proposed development, the site is likely to be affected. | |
| Site number | 03 | |
| Site name | Huskisson Memorial | |
| NGR | SJ 6053 9549 | |
| Site type | Memorial | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6095/10 | |
| Designation | Listed Building 216335 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | A memorial erected to commemorate the death of William Huskisson, MP for Liverpool, who was killed at the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester passenger railway in 1830 in the first public railway accident in Great Britain. The monument is in the Egyptian style, and was taken to Manchester to allow repair work to be carried out before being reinstated in its original location on the south side of the Liverpool and Manchester railway (Site 02). | |
| Assessment | The site lies on the outside of the northern boundary of the application site, and should not be affected by any construction works, although its visual setting may be potentially affected. | |
| Site number | 04 | |
| Site name | Parkside Road | |
| NGR | SJ 604 954 | |
| Site type | Road, Park boundary | |
| Period | Medieval/Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6095/8 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; Lewis 1988 | |
| Description | The Newton Court Book of 1681 records that Richard Hilton and Edmund Heywood are to repair high way between Newton Park and Lawton Land-end (Legh Deeds P.A.2, John Rylands Library, Manchester, quoted in the MHER). The road is shown on map coverage from 1745 onwards (Yoxall 1745). It is likely that this forms the eastern boundary of Newton Park, which dates back to at least the fourteenth century (Lewis 1988, 2). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 05 | |
| Site name | Newton Park Farmhouse | |
| NGR | SJ 5975 9498 | |
| Site type | Farmhouse | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 5994/1 | |
| Designation | Listed Building 216327 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | Lewis 1988; MRO 296 1827; GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | This building is a late eighteenth century structure, with a datestone of 1770. The site can be traced back to the 1827 estate map (MRO 296 1827). Most of the ancillary farm buildings were demolished between 1979 and 1989, but a timber-framed barn still stands. The site was surveyed in 1988 by the North West Archaeological Trust (Lewis 1988). The building is a three-storeyed brown brick mansion with five windows, alterations, and modern wings on each side. It has a stone cove cornice and a pediment above the centre. There are stone cill bands, and the window heads are channelled as voussoirs, with keys. The building has a slate roof, and sash windows with glazing bars (recessed on the entrance front, and near-flush frames at the rear). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 06 | |
| Site name | Newton Park Barn | |
| NGR | SJ 5980 9498 | |
| Site type | Barn | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 5994/2 | |
| Designation | Listed Building 216326 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | Lewis 1988; GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Yoxall 1745; LRO DRL 1/56 1839; Ordnance Survey 1849c | |
| Description | This structure seems to be the building referred to as The Lodge in a letter of 1755 which also states that it was converted into a dwelling house and used as a farm house shortly after the estate was purchased in 1657. The site can be traced on the 1745 township map (Yoxall 1745), the 1839 tithe map (LRO DRL 1/56 1839), the Ordnance Survey first edition 1:10560 map (Ordnance Survey 1849c), and on all subseqnent maps. This farmstead is first referred to in a document of 1657 when it was known as Newton Barn Farm; an inventory of 1700/1 may refer to this farmhouse, which appears to have had eleven rooms. The building dates to the sixteenth to early seventeenth century, and has a timber box frame with brick cladding of eighteenth and nineteenth century date. The west end was rebuilt in brick. There are seven bays, with a central threshing floor that has entrances in gabled porches. The north side has outshuts for cow houses. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 07 | |
| Site name | Parkside Colliery Sidings | |
| NGR | SJ 5994 9537 to SJ 5995 9418 | |
| Site type | Railway | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/16 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | Rail sidings, associated with the former Parkside Colliery opened in 1964, allowed direct access from the Liverpool and Manchester railway line. The rail sidings were closed when Parkside Colliery ceased production in 1991 (GMAC 1995, 10). All rail lines have been removed, although earthwork embankments remain in the north. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 08 | |
| Site name | Coppice Wood | |
| NGR | SJ 6000 9490 | |
| Site type | Coppice | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/13 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; LRO DRL 1/56 1839 | |
| Description | The site first occurs on the tithe map (LRO DRL 1/56 1839), and occurs on all subsequent map material until the mid twentieth century. The construction of Parkside Colliery in the early 1960s destroyed the site of this ancient woodland. Assessment The position of the site lies within the proposed development. However, no evidence remains. | |
| Site number | 09 | |
| Site name | Parkside Colliery | |
| NGR | SJ 6003 9474 | |
| Site type | Colliery | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/14 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Ashmore 1982; Phillips and Smith 1994 | |
| Description | The colliery was opened in 1964 and closed in 1991. It was one of the new super-pits of the mid twentieth century and was part of the Coal Board’s drive for greater efficiency, and replaced many of the smaller collieries of the coalfield in the St Helens area, whose antecedents stretched back to the nineteenth century (GMAC 1995, 10). The colliery complex covered almost all of the western and central part of the study area, and included concrete pithead buildings, covered head gear, a conical washery and railway sidings (Ashmore 1982, 167). At its peak the site employed over 3500 people (Phillips and Smith 1994, 328). | |
| Assessment | The site will be directly affected by the proposed development, although much of the remains and structures have been removed, and the shafts capped off and infilled. | |
| Site number | 10 53.44771, -2.59016 | |
| Site name | Circular cropmark | |
| NGR | SJ 6081 9474 | |
| Site type | Cropmark Period Unknown | |
| HER number | MITER Si 6094/11 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | A cropmark site identified through aerial photographic reconnaissance. This site is believed to represent a ring ditch (R Philpott, pers comm), possibly the remains of a ploughed-out barrow. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 11 53.44583, -2.58833 | |
| Site name | Structures near Parkside Road | |
| NGR | SJ 6093 9453 | |
| Site type | Buildings | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/4 Designation | |
| Sources | Wardell Armstrong 2001; Yoxall 1745; LRO DRL 1/56 1839 | |
| Description | A building is shown on the 1745 township map (Yoxall 1745), and a number of structures are observed on the 1839 tithe map (LRO DRL 1/56 1839). The buildings were demolished during the construction of the M6 motorway. | |
| Assessment | The position of the site lies within the proposed development. However, no evidence remains. | |
| Site number | 12 | |
| Site name | Warrington and Wigan Turnpike | |
| NGR | SJ 5948 9484 to SJ 5950 9468 | |
| Site type | Road | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/8 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Philpott 1988; Yoxall 1745; LRO DRL 1/56 1839 | |
| Description | The Newton to Winwick road first appears on the 1745 township map (Yoxall 1745), but may be medieval in origin (Philpott 1988, 19). The present alignment first occurs on the 1839 tithe map (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) and dates from the 1800s when the Warrington and Wigan turnpike trust was first formed. The new turnpike was realigned between its junction with the road to Newton Park Farm in the north and Red Bank Farm on Newton Brook in the south. This re-alignment cut through the southwestern edge of Newton Park and now forms the modern course of the A49. The old alignment survives as a hollow-way north-east of Red Bank Farm (Philpott 1988, 57). | |
| Assessment | The site lies on the outside edge of the application site boundary and it is unlikely that it will be directly affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 13 | |
| Site name | Curvilinear cropmark | |
| NGR | SJ 5954 9459 to SJ 5963 9462 | |
| Site type | Cropmark | |
| Period | Natural | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/15 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Matrix Archaeology 200 lb | |
| Description | A curvilinear cropmark was identified by GMAC in 1995 from vertical aerial photographs taken in 1979 (GMAC 1995, 9). The cropmark was thought to represent a buried ditch of unknown date and function, and to relate to the medieval park, or to be a pre-park feature (ibid). The aerial photographs were re-examined in 2000 by Matrix Archaeology, and a very poorly defined broad arc of possible parching was identified, within which was a poorly defined circular feature (Matrix Archaeology 2001b, 8). These features were located approximately 40m to the north-west of the position given by Nevell; nothing was seen at the original location (ibid). The parch marks identified were evaluated by the excavation of two trenches, and no features of archaeological significance were identified (op cit, 8-10). The complex geology found at the base of the trenches was thought to be responsible for the parching effect seen on the photograph (op cit, 10). | |
| Assessment | The site is of natural origin. | |
| Site number | 14 | |
| Site name | Subcircular cropmarks | |
| NGR | SJ 5966 9446 | |
| Site type | Cropmark | |
| Period | Natural HER number Designation | |
| Sources | Wardell Armstrong 2001; Matrix Archaeology 2001b | |
| Description | Three subcircular cropmarks were identified by Wardell Armstrong on a vertical aerial photograph taken in 1966 (Wardell Armstrong 2001, Appendix 16, 9). The sites appeared to be closely related and were thought to represent small enclosures (ibid). They were not shown on any of the maps, and were therefore thought to be associated with the medieval park or to be representative of earlier settlement (ibid). The cropmarks identified were evaluated by Matrix Archaeology by the excavation of two trenches, and no features of archaeological significance were identified (Matrix Archaeology 200lb, 10-12). The complex geology found at the base of the trenches was thought to be responsible for the cropmarks seen on the photograph (op cit, 12). | |
| Assessment | The site is of natural origin. | |
| Site number | 15 | |
| Site name | Subcircular cropmark | |
| NGR | SJ 5982 9447 | |
| Site type | Cropmark | |
| Period | Natural HER number | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Wardell Armstrong 2001; Matrix Archaeology 200 lb | |
| Description | A subcircular cropmark was identified by Wardell Armstrong on a vertical aerial photograph taken in 1966 (Wardell Armstrong 2001, Appendix 16, 9). It was not shown on any of the maps, and was therefore thought to be associated with the medieval park or to be representative of earlier settlement (ibid). The cropmark identified was evaluated by Matrix Archaeology by the excavation of a single trench, and no features of archaeological significance were identified (Matrix Archaeology 2001b, 12, 13). | |
| Assessment | The site is of natural origin. | |
| Site number | 16 | |
| Site name | Dumballs Field/Gallows Croft | |
| NGR | SJ 5970 9420 | |
| Site type | Fieldnamc | |
| Period | Medieval/Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/7 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; LRO DRL 1/56 1839; Ordnance Survey 1849c | |
| Description | The fieldname occurs in an estate survey of 1750-2 (GMAC 1995, 9), a survey of 1795 (ibid) and on the tithe apportionment (LRO DRL 1/56 1839, entry no 357). This may possibly be a reference to the finding of musket balls in this area from the battle of Red Bank in 1648 (GMAC 1995, 9). In 1985 a member of the public reported to Merseyside HER that musket balls were found in the field immediately south of Dumballs, on the opposite side of Newton Brook, traditionally where the focus of the Civil War battle had been located. The area encompassing this field is also known as Gallows Croft, a place-name that occurs on the Ordnance Survey first edition 1:10560 map (Ordnance Survey 1849c), apparently referring to the south-western corner of the field where it meets Newton Brook and the A49. There are two local traditions concerning the origin of this name. The first states that Cromwell’s soldiers hanged many of the prisoners in this field that they had taken at the battle of Red Bank in 1648 (GMAC 1995, 9). The second asserts that it was the site of the baronial gallows tree (Lane 1919, 44). This latter suggestion is supported by the occurrence of the place-name Gawlehille in the Legh survey of 1465/6, which was located to the south-east of Newton Hall, in this area (GMAC 1995, 9). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 17 | |
| Site name | Newton Park Pale | |
| NGR | SJ 5956 9419 to 5966 9417 | |
| Site type | Park Pale | |
| Period | Medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6094/03 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | A degraded bank, roughly 1.5m wide and no more than lm high, was noted by GMAC running along the south-western edge of Gallows Croft for 120m eastwards from Newton Road on the projected line of the medieval park pale (GMAC 1995, 9). Only the easternmost 80m lies within the study area, and this section is the most degraded stretch (ibid). There was no trace of a ditch (ibid). The only other stretch of the Newton Park pale that has so far been identified is north-east of Red Bank Farm and west of the A49, beyond the study area (ibid). | |
| Assessment | The site may be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 18 | |
| Site name | Parkside Colliery Spoil Heap | |
| NGR | SJ 5995 9423 | |
| Site type | Spoil Heap | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 5994/10 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Matrix Archaeology 2001b; Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | A sub-rectangular cropmark c50m x 60m was noted on the 1979, 1984 and 1988 vertical aerial photographs, and was interpreted as a medieval feature (GMAC 1995, 9). The area was evaluated by Matrix Archaeology in 2001, revealing extensive deposits of colliery spoil (Matrix Archaeology 2001b, 13). The site was re-interpreted as an extensive graded colliery spoil heap, dumped prior to 1979, possibly making it one of the earliest spoil heaps of Parkside Colliery (op cit, 14). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary. | |
| Site number | 19 | |
| Site name | Quarry | |
| NGR | SJ 5973 9418 | |
| Site type | Quarry | |
| Period | Post-medieval? | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 5994/12 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001 GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001; Collens 1995; Matrix Archaeology 2001a This enclosure was identified on aerial photographs as a rectangular double-ditched enclosure with sharp corners (GMAC 1995, 9). The feature was evaluated in 2001, and revealed that the feature comprised two ditches from separate phases (Matrix Archaeology 2001a). The upper fills of the inner ditch revealed late medieval to early post-medieval pottery, and hand-made brick fragments, suggesting that a building was located nearby, possibly within the enclosure itself (op cit, 10). The outer ditch contained later post-medieval pottery (op cit, 14), and its placement was possibly affected by the earlier ditch, suggesting that it was still present as an earthwork. Large portions of the enclosure remained unexcavated meaning that the purpose of the enclosure remains largely unknown (op cit, 21). Several possibilities exist for the purpose of the enclosure, including a stock enclosure or hunting lodge associated with the Newton Park (ibid). The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Barrow Field (LRO DRI. 1/56 1839). This indicates the possible presence of a prehistoric or Anglo-Saxon burial mound (Gifford and Partners 1994, 5-6). The site lies within the application site boundary but is positioned beneath Junction 22 of the M6. However, it may indicate the presence of barrows in the area, particularly due to the proximity of Barrow Lane. | |
| Description | This is the site of a small sandstone quarry c 30m x 10m x 10m deep (GMAC 1995, 9). It is situated immediately to the north of the tributary stream of Newton Brook, and lying on the southern boundary of the study area (ibid). This quarry was not located during the cartographic analysis. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary. | |
| Site number | 20 | |
| Site name | Hermitage Farm Cropmark NCR SJ 6022 9406 | |
| Site type | Double-Ditched Enclosure | |
| Period | Unknown | |
| HER number | CHER 576 Designation Sources | |
| Description | ||
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 21 | |
| Site name | Spoil Heap | |
| NGR | SJ 6041 9433 | |
| Site type | Spoil heap | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/15 Designation | |
| Sources | GMAC 1995; Wardell Armstrong 2001 | |
| Description | This is a late twentieth century spoil heap for Parkside Colliery, which covers the south-eastern quadrant of the study area, and stands up to 30m high (GMAC 1995, 9). It is currently landscaped and grassed over (ibid). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary. | |
| Site number | 22 | |
| Site name | Barrow Field | |
| NGR | SJ 6135 9390 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Prehistoric? | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6193/1 Designation | |
| Sources | Gifford and Partners 1994; LRO DRL 1/56 1839 | |
| Description | ||
| Assessment | ||
| Site number | 23 | |
| Site name | Lancashire/Cheshire County Boundary | |
| NGR | SJ 602 942 and SJ 613 938 | |
| Site type | County Boundary | |
| Period | Medieval?/Post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | Gifford and Partners 1994 | |
| Description | The County Boundary between Lancashire and Cheshire, subsequently between Merseyside and Cheshire, follows a tributary of Newton Brook for part of its length to the south of Newton Park. Further east it runs through fields, across the junction between the A49 and the M6, and along Waterworks Lane. It is possible that some physical remains of this boundary survive, such as boundary markers, or a bank and ditch (Gifford and Partners 1994, 5). | |
| Assessment | The site will be directly affected by the proposed development, although in the east (SJ 613 938) any remains within the site boundary will have been destroyed by the construction of Junction 22 of the M6. | |
| Site number | 24 | |
| Site name | Red Bank Battle Site | |
| NGR | SJ 5969 9404 | |
| Site type | Battlefield | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 5994/3 Designation | |
| Sources | Carter 1971; Lane 1914; Ordnance Survey 1849c | |
| Description | This is the site of a Civil War battle (Ordnance Survey 1849c), part of what was known as the Battle of Preston (Lane 1914), that took place in August 1648 between Royalists under the command of the Duke of Hamilton and Oliver Cromwell (Carter 1971, 25). Cromwell’s forces are thought to have killed a thousand men, and taken two thousand captive (Lane 1914). | |
| Assessment | Although the site of the battle lies to the south of the development area, it is probable that the battle stretched beyond its recorded boundaries. Consequently, there may be some outlying finds associated with the battle. The battlefield may also be visually affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 25 | |
| Site name | St Oswald’s Well | |
| NGR | SJ 6074 9409 | |
| Site type | Well | |
| Period | Medieval | |
| HER number | CHER 591; MHER SJ 6094/1 | |
| Designation | SM 30378; Listed Building 216334 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | Carter 1971 | |
| Description | This is a medieval well. associated with the Northumbrian King, Oswald, who died at the battle of Maserfelth, fighting against the Mercian King, Penda in 642 AD (Carter 1971, 23). The well is stone-built, with water still present. A large stone slab covers the opening. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 26 | |
| Site name | Parkside Farm | |
| NGR | SJ 6187 9499 | |
| Site type | Farm | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/9 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745 | |
| Description | The farmhouse was constructed during the 1980s, and has now been demolished, although some of the farm buildings are probably eighteenth century. The farm buildings form an L-shape east of the demolished farmhouse and one small structure, possibly dating to the eighteenth century, lies to the north of the aforementioned farmhouse. The remaining buildings are believed to be in a poor state of repair. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the proposed development area and will be affected. | |
| Site number | 27 | |
| Site name | Monk House | |
| NGR | SJ 6086 9426 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6094/7 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745 | |
| Description | The house can be traced back to the township map of 1745 (Yoxall 1745). It is a two-storey building, pebble-dashed with a grey slate roof. The upper windows are low rectangular in form, directly under the eaves. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within an area of exclusion within the application site boundary. However, it may be indirectly affected in terms of visual impact, and noise and vibration. | |
| Site number | 28 | |
| Site name | The Cottage | |
| NGR | SJ 6075 9404 | |
| Site type | Cottage | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/5 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745 | |
| Description | The Cottage can be traced back to the township map of 1745 (Yoxall 1745) and was previously known as Piper Hole. Field observations made by staff at MHER show that it was modernised in the 1980s, when it was re-roofed, all new windows were inserted, and it was rendered so that no trace of the original structure was visible. It also has new chimneys. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within an area of exclusion within the application site boundary. However, it may be indirectly affected in terms of visual impact, and noise and vibration. | |
| Site number | 29 | |
| Site name | Woodhead Farmhouse | |
| NGR | SJ 6073 9426 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/2 | |
| Designation | Listed Building 216332 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | MRO 296 1827 | |
| Description | The farmhouse probably dates to the late eighteenth century. It is a three-storey brick building with stone dressings and a slate roof. It can be traced back to the estate map of 1827 (MRO 296 1827). | |
| Assessment | The site does not lie within the application site boundary. However, due to its statutory designation, its visual setting and the effects of noise and vibration need to he considered. | |
| Site number | 30 | |
| Site name | Woodhead Barn | |
| NGR | SJ 6074 9426 | |
| Site type | Barn | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6094/8 | |
| Designation | Listed Building 216333 (Grade II) | |
| Sources | MRO 296 1827 | |
| Description | The barn probably dates to the eighteenth century. It has five bays, and is brick-built with stone dressings and a slate roof. It can be traced back to the estate map of 1827 (MRO 296 1827). | |
| Assessment | The site does not lie within the application site boundary. However, due to its statutory designation, its visual setting and the effects of noise and vibration need to be considered. | |
| Site number | 31 | |
| Site name | Smithy Croft | |
| NGR | SJ 5955 9510 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Smithy Croft (LRO DRL 1/56 1839). This indicates the possible presence of a Smithy. | |
| Assessment | The site will not be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 32 | |
| Site name | Lane by the Kiln | |
| NGR | SJ 6010 9490 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Lane by the Kiln (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) suggesting the presence of a Kiln nearby. | |
| Assessment | The site is likely to have been destroyed by Parkside Colliery. Therefore, it is unlikely that it will be directly affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 33 | |
| Site name | Lodges Close | |
| NGR | SJ 5980 9520 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Lodges Close (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) relating to the Lodge at Newton Park farm (Site 06). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 34 | |
| Site name | Old House Field | |
| NGR | SJ 5980 9490 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Old House Field (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) presumably relating to the house at Newton Park Farm (Site 05). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 35 | |
| Site name | Stone House Field | |
| NGR | SJ 5985 9465 | |
| Site type | Fieldname | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield names this field as Stone House Field (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) suggesting the existence of such a feature in the past. However, there was no evidence for a structure on the maps. | |
| Assessment | The site is likely to have been destroyed by Parkside Colliery. Therefore, it is unlikely that it will be directly affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 36 | |
| Site name | Waterworks Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6140 9400 | |
| Site type | Road, township boundary | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield shows the road to Winwick (LRO DRL 1/56 1839). This road forms the township boundary between Newton-1eWillows and Croft. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the proposed development area and will be affected. | |
| Site number | 37 | |
| Site name | Red Bank Mill | |
| NGR | SJ 5944 9423 | |
| Site type | Mill | |
| Period | Medieval/post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | LRO DRL 1/56, 1839 | |
| Description | The Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield shows Red Bank Mill (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) which is later named Red Bank. | |
| Assessment | The site will not be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 38 | |
| Site name | Rough Farm | |
| NGR | SJ 6141 9399 | |
| Site type | Farm | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6193/2 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; LRO DRL 1/56, 1839, Ordnance Survey 1849; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | Some buildings are shown in the area of Rough Farm on Yoxall’s map of 1745, and the Tithe Apportionment for the Township of Makerfield shows a group of buildings (LRO DRL 1/56 1839) which is later named Rough Farm on the Ordnance Survey first edition map 1849 and subsequent mapping. The MHER conducted a site visit in 1985, and recorded that the barn was nineteenth century or possibly late eighteenth century in date. It had a thin grey slate roof, a circular stone-lined hay loft ‘window’, and a large cart door, but it was much altered at the front. A building is shown in this location by Yoxall (1745), and it was named Barrow Lane House it 1849 (Ordnance Survey). Its name changed to Barrow Lane Farm in 1893, and then to Barrow Lane Cottages (together with Site 42) in 1908 (Ordnance Survey). When MHER carried out a site visit in 1985 it was observed that the building had been demolished and the site was occupied by an arable field. There was a lay-by on | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the proposed development area and will be affected. | |
| Site number | 39 | |
| Site name | Post-medieval field system, north-west of Rough Farm | |
| NGR | SJ 6130 9410 | |
| Site type | Field system | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/1 Designation | |
| Sources | Aerial photograph held by MHER | |
| Description | Cropmarks are observed on an aerial photograph held by MHER and apparently indicate a post-medieval field system. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 40 | |
| Site name | Building on north side of Barrow Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6118 9470 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/2 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; Ordnance Survey 1893b; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | A building is shown in this location by Yoxall (1745), and by 1893 it is no longer marked (Ordnance Survey). When MHER carried out a site visit in 1985 it was observed that the site was occupied by an arable field. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 41 | |
| Site name | Barrow Lane Farm/Barrow Lane Cottages | |
| NGR | SJ 6136 9452 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/3 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; Ordnance Survey 1839b, 1893b, 1908b, 1929b; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | the road near the site, and much brick and debris was observed in the field adjacent to the layby. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 42 | |
| Site name | Building on north side of Barrow Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6145 9450 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/4 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; Ordnance Survey 1908b; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | A building is shown in this location by Yoxall (1745), and it is named Barrow Lane Cottages (together with Site 41) in 1908 (Ordnance Survey). When MHER carried out a site visit in 1985 it was observed that the building had been demolished and the site was occupied by an arable field. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 43 | |
| Site name | Rough Cottage Kennels | |
| NGR | SJ 6142 9401 | |
| Site type | Cottage | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/7 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; MHER notes from site visits, 1985 and 1994 | |
| Description | Yoxall’s map of 1745 shows a building in the same location as Rough Cottage, adjacent to the road. The MHER conducted a site visit in 1985, and recorded that the cottage was whitewashed and rendered, all the windows and the porch were new, and the gable walls were stark. It was a two-storey mid eighteenth century brick cottage, and was a narrow single room depth building. In 1994 a further site visit was made, due to a planning application to develop the site and demolish the buildings for a motorway service station. Rough Cottage Kennels were photographed from the outside, and later the same year the site was truncated by demolition for the proposed M6 service station area. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the proposed development area and is likely to be affected. | |
| Site number | 44 | |
| Site name | Circular cropmark | |
| NGR | SJ 6151 9452 | |
| Site type | Cropmark | |
| Period | Unknown | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6194/8 Designation | |
| Sources | Plot of features abstracted from Liverpool Museum 94 2092 colour oblique aerial photographs, held by MHER | |
| Description | A circular cropmark, identified as a Bronze Age ring ditch, was identified from colour oblique aerial photographs north-east of Barrow Lane, and west of Waterworks Lane. The crop-nark was plotted in relation to the field boundaries by R Philpott, and was described as c6.5m in diameter. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 45 | |
| Site name | Post-medieval field system, east of M6 motorway | |
| NGR | SJ 612 944 | |
| Site type | Field system | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6194/9 Designation | |
| Sources | Aerial photograph held by MHER | |
| Description | A post-medieval field system was identified at this location from aerial photographs. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site bonndary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 46 | |
| Site name | Wood Head Delph | |
| NGR | SJ 6080 9435 | |
| Site type | Quarry | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | Ordnance Survey 1849b; Ordnance Survey 1908c | |
| Description | A sandstone quarry is shown in the mid nineteenth century (Ordnance Survey 1849b), and by 1908 it is shown as disused (Ordnance Survey 1908c). | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 47 | |
| Site name | Highfield Farm; Moss House | |
| NGR | SJ 6093 9545 | |
| Site type | Farm | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6095/1 | |
| Designation | ||
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | There is cartographic evidence for the existence of a building in the location of the present farmhouse at Highfield Farm as early as 1745 (Yoxall 1745). The MHER conducted a site visit in 1985, and recorded that the former brick-built farmhouse was demolished and a modern house built on the same site in the early 1970s. The earlier building had a date in Roman numerals inscribed on a plaster imitation datestone, but the building’s owner could not remember what year it was. | |
| Assessment | The site lies outside the application site boundary, although its visual setting may be affected, and it may be indirectly affected during construction. | |
| Site number | 48 | |
| Site name | Barn at Highfield Farm | |
| NGR | SJ 6096 9546 | |
| Site type | Barn | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number MHER SJ 6095/7 Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745; MHER notes from site visit, 1985 | |
| Description | There is cartographic evidence for the existence of a building in the location of the present barn at Highfield Farm as early as 1745 (Yoxall 1745). The barn was described by the MHER in 1985 after a site visit as follows: the sandstone walls are extended in brick. Finally a western extension was added. The early appearance of the first phase of brick may indicate that the sandstone walls should be placed in the seventeenth century at the latest. Internally two triangular buttresses in brick support the main cross beam of the roof. The roof still has stone flags on the southern half, but modern corrugated sheeting to the north. Parkside Station, on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, is infamous as the site where William Huskisson was killed when the railway opened in 1830 (Singleton 1975, 64). The staircase and foundations of the station buildings are visible in the undergrowth (op cit, 68). The station was closed after only a few years in the 1840s, and two hundred yards to the east lies the site of the later LNWR Parkside Station, which closed in 1878 (ibid). A pumping station is shown on the south side of the wall (west of the main north door), and above it is a later handmade brick (stylistically later eighteenth century?) wall. The doors appear to have been inserted during the later brick phase since this brickwork extends over the doors. On the west end a more recent extension (late eighteenth to early nineteenth) has been added. The original core of the structure is therefore represented by the sandstone walls, which were added to and used as the basis of a brick barn, which was further modified and | |
| Assessment | The site lies outside the application site boundary, although its visual setting may be affected and it may be indirectly affected during construction. | |
| Site number | 49 | |
| Site name | Parkside Station (LMR) | |
| NGR | SJ 6050 9551 | |
| Site type | Railway Station, Pumping Station | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | MHER SJ 6095/11 Designation | |
| Sources | Singleton 1975; Ordnance Survey 1893b | |
| Description | Liverpool and Manchester Railway, east of Parkside Road, from at least 1893 (Ordnance Survey 1893b). | |
| Assessment | The site lies immediately to the north of the application site boundary and should not be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 50 | |
| Site name | Building and ponds, 150m north-west of Oven Back Cottage, Waterworks Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6167 9452 | |
| Site type | Possible building/pond | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | MRO 296 1827; LRO DRL 1/56 1839; Ordnance Survey 1849 | |
| Description | A group of ponds is shown in this position on the estate map of 1827. A possible building is also shown on the first edition OS map of 1849. A clear, rectangular shaped cropmark is also visible on a recent satellite imaging. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 51 | |
| Site name | Site of ponds and building 450m south-east of Parkside Farm, Barrow Road | |
| NGR | SJ 6125 9476 | |
| Site type | Possible building/pond | |
| Period | Post-medieval | |
| HER number | Designation | |
| Sources | Ordnance Survey 1849 | |
| Description | A number of ponds and a small rectangular structure is identified in this location on the first edition OS map. This feature is not shown on any later maps, probably due to a change in the field system in this area. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the application site boundary, and may potentially be affected by the proposed development. | |
| Site number | 52 | |
| Site name | Oven Back Farm, Waterworks Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6171 9433 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | MRO 296 1827; Ordnance Survey 1849; Ordnance Survey 1893 | |
| Description | Two buildings are shown in the location of the existing farm on the 1827 estate map. The site is identified as New Oven Back on the first edition OS map of 1849, and as Oven Back Farm on the second edition OS map of 1893. | |
| Assessment | The site lies outside the application site boundary, although its visual setting may be affected, and it may be indirectly affected during construction and operation. | |
| Site number | 53 | |
| Site name | Oven Back Cottage, Waterworks Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6180 9448 | |
| Site type | Building | |
| Period | Post-medieval HER number Designation | |
| Sources | MRO 296 1827; Ordnance Survey 1849; Ordnance Survey 1893 | |
| Description | Two buildings are shown in the location of the existing farm on the 1827 estate map. The site is identified as Old Oven Back on the first edition OS map of 1849, and as Oven Back Cottage on the second edition OS map of 1893 | |
| Assessment | The site lies outside the application site boundary, although its visual setting may be affected. | |
| Site number | 54 | |
| Site name | Barrow Lane | |
| NGR | SJ 6167 9435 to SJ 6087 9491 | |
| Site type | Road | |
| Period | Post-medieval (possibly earlier) HER number Designation | |
| Sources | Yoxall 1745 | |
| Description | The road, which connects Parkside Road and Waterworks Lane, was first identified on Yoxall’s map of 1745 and is now a narrow single-lane concrete road that has been deliberately blocked half way along its length. | |
| Assessment | The site lies within the proposed development area and is likely to be affected. | |
| Site number | 55 | |
| Site name | Merseyside/Greater Manchester County Boundary | |
| NGR | SJ 6179 9453 to SJ 6127 9521 | |
| Site type | County Boundary | |
| Period | Medieval?/post-medieval HER number | |
| Sources | Designation Ordnance Survey 1893 | |
| Description | The County boundary was first identified on the second edition OS map (1893), where it marked the boundary between Lancashire and Cheshire. It later became the boundary for the new counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester respectively, after reorganisation of the counties in 1974. Part of the boundary delineates the eastern extent of the proposed development area. | |
| Assessment | The site lies on the edge of the proposed development area and may be affected. | |
