{"id":4088,"date":"2024-09-14T20:38:03","date_gmt":"2024-09-14T20:38:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newton-le-willows.com\/?p=4088"},"modified":"2024-09-28T17:10:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T17:10:18","slug":"the-parish-of-winwick","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newton-le-willows.com\/?p=4088","title":{"rendered":"The parish of Winwick<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n

The ancient parish of Winwick lies between Sankey\nBrook on the south-west and Glazebrook and a tributary on the north and east, the distance between these\nbrooks being 4\u00bd or 5 miles. The extreme length of\nthe parish is nearly 10 miles, and its area 26, 502\nacres.<\/p>\n\t\t

The highest ground is on the extreme north-west\nborder, about 350 ft.; most of the surface is above the\n100 ft. level, but slopes down on three sides to the\nboundaries, 25 ft. being reached in Hulme in the\nsouth. The geological formation consists of the Coal\nMeasures in the northern and western parts of the\nparish, and of the Bunter series of the N\u00e8w Red\nSandstone in the remainder. Except Culcheth, which\nbelonged to the fee of Warrington, the whole was\nincluded in the barony of Makerfield, the head of\nwhich was Newton.<\/p>\n\t\t

The townships were arranged in four quarters for\ncontributions to the county lay, to which the parish\npaid one-eighth of the hundred levy, each quarter\npaying equally:\u2014(1) Winwick with Hulme, half;\nNewton, half; (2) Lowton and Kenyon, half; Haydock and Golborne, half; (3) Ashton; (4) Culcheth,\ntwo-thirds; Southworth and Croft, a third. To the\nancient ‘fifteenth,’ out of a levy of \u00a3106 9s<\/em>. 6d<\/em>. on\nthe hundred, the parish contributed \u00a38 3s<\/em>. 6\u00bed<\/em>., as\nfollows:\u2014Newton, \u00a31 10s<\/em>.; Haydock, 10s<\/em>. 9\u00bcd<\/em>.;\nAshton, \u00a32 14s<\/em>. 5\u00bcd<\/em>.; Golborne, 8s<\/em>.; Lowton,\n15s<\/em>. 8d<\/em>.; Culcheth, \u00a31 8s<\/em>. 10\u00bcd<\/em>.; Southworth and\nCroft, 9s<\/em>. 2d<\/em>.; Middleton with Arbury, 6s<\/em>. 8d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\t\t

One of the great roads from south to north has\nfrom the earliest times led through Winwick, Newton,\nand Ashton, and there are several tumuli and other\nancient remains.<\/p>\n\t\t

The Domesday Survey shows that a large part of\nthe surface consisted of woodland, and Garswood in\nAshton preserves the name of part of it. In the\nCivil War two battles were fought near Winwick. In\nmore modern times coal mines have been worked and\nmanufactures introduced, and Earlestown has grown\nup around the wagon-building works of the London\nand North-Western Railway Company.<\/p>\n\t\t

The agricultural land in the parish is utilized as\nfollows:\u2014Arable land, 16, 258 acres; permanent grass,\n4,820 acres; woods and plantations, 653 acres. The\nfollowing are details:\u2014<\/p>\n\t\t

\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
<\/a><\/caption>\n\t\t\t
<\/a><\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
<\/a><\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Arable<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Grass<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Woods, &c.<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Winwick<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>2,192<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>247<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>25<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Southworth and Croft<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1,596<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>130<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Newton in Makerfield<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1,614<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>423<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>17<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Lowton<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>960<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>570<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Haydock<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1,244<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>411<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>72<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Golborne<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>951<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>448<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>16<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Ashton in Makerfield<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>3,228<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1,210<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>433<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Culcheth and Kenyon<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>4,473<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1,381<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>90<\/td>\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t<\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t

Newton has given the title of baron to the lord of\nthe manor, who has, however, no residence in the\nparish; Lord Gerard of Brynn has his principal seat\nat Garswood.<\/p>\n\t\t

Dr. Kuerden thus describes a journey through the\nparish made about 1695:\u2014’Entering a little hamlet\ncalled the Hulme you leave on the left a deep and\nfair stone quarry fit for building. You meet with\nanother crossway on the right. A mile farther stands\na fair-built church called Winwick church, a remarkable fabric. . . . Leaving the church on the right\nabout a quarter of a mile westwards stands a princely\nbuilding, equal to the revenue, called the parsonage\nof Winwick; and near the church on the right hand\nstands a fair-built schoolhouse. By the east end of\nthe church is another road, but less used, to the\nborough of Wigan.<\/p>\n\t\t

‘Having passed the school about half a mile you\ncome to a sandy place called the Red Bank, where\nHamilton and his army were beaten. Here, leaving\nBradley park, and a good seat belonging to Mr.\nBrotherton of Hey (a member of Parliament for the\nborough of Newton) on the left hand, and Newton\npark on the right, you have a little stone bridge over\nNewton Brook, three miles from Warrington. On\nthe left hand close by a water mill appear the ruins\nof the site of the ancient barony of Newton, where\nformerly was the baron’s castle.<\/p>\n\t\t

‘Having passed the bridge you ascend a rock,\nwhere is a penfold cut out of the same, and upon the\ntop of the rock was lately built a court house for the\nmanor, and near to it a fair re-edified chapel of stone\nbuilt by Richard Legh, deceased, father to Mr. Legh,\nthe present titular baron of Newton. There stands a\nstately cross, near the chapel well, adorned with the\narms belonging to the present baron. Having passed\nthe town of Newton you leave a cross-road on the\nleft going to Liverpool by St. Helen’s chapel. You\npass in winter through a miry lane for half a mile;\nyou leave another lane on the left passing by Billinge. . . .<\/p>\n\t\t

‘Then passing on a sandy lane you leave Haydock\npark, and (close by the road) Haydock lodge, belonging to Mr. Legh, and going on half a mile you pass\nby the chapel and through the town of Ashton,\nstanding upon a rocky ground, which belongeth to\nSir William Gerard, bart., of Brynn, who resides at\nGarswood, about a mile to the east (sic<\/em>). Having\npassed the stone bridge take the left hand way, which\nthough something fouler is more used. You then\npass by Whitledge Green, a place much resorted to\nin summer by the neighbouring gentry for bowling.\nShortly after, you meet with the other way from\nAshton bridge by J. Naylor’s, a herald painter and an\nexcellent stainer of glass for pictures or coats of arms.\nThrough a more open coach-way passing on upon the\nright leave the Brynn gate, a private way leading to the\nancient hall of Brynn, and upon the left another road\nby Garswood to the hall of Parr, a seat belonging to\nthe Byroms, and to St. Helen’s chapel; and thence\npast Hawkley to Wigan.’ (fn. 1)<\/a> \n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t

\n

INDEX MAP to the PARISH of WINWICK<\/b><\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t

Among the worthies of the parish may here be\nnoted Thomas Legh Claughton, born at Haydock\nLodge in 1808, who became Bishop of Rochester in\n1867, resigning in 1890, and died in 1892; (fn. 2)<\/a> also\nThomas Risley, a Nonconformist divine, 1630 to 1716. (fn. 3)<\/a> \n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t

The following in 1630\u20133 compounded by annual\nfines for the two-thirds of their estates liable to be\nsequestered for their recusancy: Ashton, Sir William\nGerard of Brynn, \u00a3106 13s<\/em>. 4d<\/em>.; Jane Gerard; Culcheth, Richard Urmston, \u00a36; Lowton, Peter and\nRoger Haughton, \u00a33; Southworth, Christopher Bow\nof Croft, \u00a32 10s<\/em>. (fn. 4)<\/a> \n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t

CHURCH<\/h3>\n\t\t\t

The church of ST. OSWALD<\/em> has a\nchancel (fn. 5)<\/a> with north vestry, nave with\naisles and south porch, and west tower\nand spire. It is built of a very inferior local sand-stone, with the result that its history has been much\nobscured by repairs and rebuildings, and cannot be\ntaken back beyond the 14th century; though the\ndedication and the fragment of an early cross, now set\nup outside the chancel, both point to an early occupation of the site.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The chancel was entirely rebuilt in 1847\u20138 in\n14th-century style, the elder Pugin being the architect, and is a fine and well-designed work with a high-pitched leaded roof, a four-light east window, and\nthree-light windows on north and south. There are\nthree canopied sedilia and a piscina, and the arched\nceiling is panelled, with gilt bosses at the intersection\nof the ribs, and a stone cornice with carved paterae.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The nave is of six bays, with a north arcade having\npointed arches of two orders with sunk quarter-round\nmouldings, and curious clustered piers considerably\ntoo thick for the arches they carry, and projecting in\nfront of the wall-face towards the nave. The general\noutline is octagonal with a hollow between two\nquarter-rounds on each cardinal face, and a deep\nV-shaped sinking on the alternate faces. The abacus\nof the capitals is octagonal, but the necking follows\nthe outline of the piers, and pairs of trefoiled leaves\nrise from the hollows on the cardinal faces. The\nbases, of very rough work, are panelled on the cardinal\nfaces, with engaged shafts 6 in. high, while on the\ndiagonal faces are badly-cut mitred heads.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

There is a curious suggestion of 14th-century detail in the arcade, in spite of its clumsiness, but the\nactual date is probably within a few years of 1600.\nThe clearstory above has three windows set over the\nalternate arches, of four lights with uncusped tracery\nand low four-centred heads.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The south arcade, ‘from the first pillar eastward to\nthe fifth west,’ was taken down and rebuilt from the\nfoundations in 1836. It has clustered piers of quatrefoil section, and simply moulded bell capitals with\noctagonal abaci, the arches being of two chamfered\norders with labels ending in pairs of human heads at\nthe springing. The original work belonged to the\nbeginning of the 14th century. The clearstory on\nthis side has six windows, of four uncusped lights\nwithout tracery, under a four-centred head, all the\nstonework being modern.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

At the east end of the north aisle is the Gerard\nChapel, inclosed with an iron screen, which about 1848\nreplaced a wooden screen dated ‘in the yere of our\nLord MCCCCLXXXI.’ There is a three-light east window\nand two four-light windows on the north, all with\n16th-century uncusped tracery. In the aisle west of\nthe chapel are three four-light north windows with\nembattled transoms and uncusped tracery, and a north\ndoorway with a square-headed window over it, of four\nuncusped lights. The tracery, except part in the\nGerard Chapel, has been lately renewed, the original\ndate of the windows being perhaps c. 1530\u201350. On\nthe external faces of the transoms is carved the IHS\nmonogram. The two east bays of the south aisle are\ntaken up by the Legh Chapel, and separated by an\narch at the west from the rest of the aisle. This\nwestern portion was rebuilt in 1530, being dated by\nan inscription running round the external cornice,\nand the Legh Chapel is somewhat earlier in date,\nperhaps c. 1500. The chapel has a small doorway on\nthe south, a three-light window on the east, and two\non the south, all with uncusped tracery, the stonework being mutilated, and in the aisle are three four-light windows on the south, with embattled transoms\nand tracery uncusped except in the upper middle\nlights, and one window at the west, also of four\nlights, but of different design. On the external faces\nof the transoms are carved roses, all the stonework\nbeing modern. The aisle has a vice at the southwest angle. The south porch is low, and the inscribed\ncornice of the aisle runs above it without a break.\nThe porch has been completely refaced, and opens to\nthe south aisle by a four-centred doorway with continuous mouldings. Both aisles and clearstory have\nembattled parapets and leaded roofs of low pitch. The\ninscription round the south aisle is in leonine hexameters, running from west to east, and is as follows:\u2014<\/p>\n\t\t\t

Hic locus Oswalde quondam placuit tibi valde;
\nNortanhumbrorum fueras rex, nuncque polorum
\nRegna tenes, prato passus Marcelde vocato.
\nPoscimus hinc a te nostri memor esto beate.
\nAnno milleno quingentenoque triceno
\nSclater post Christum murum renovaverat\nistum;
\nHenricus Johnson curatus erat simul hic tunc.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The tower retains much of its old facing, though\nthe surface is much decayed. It has a vice at the\nsouth-east angle, which ends with a flat top at the\nlevel of an embattled parapet at the base of the spire.\nThe spire is of stone, and has two rows of spire lights,\nand the belfry windows are of two trefoiled lights with\nquatrefoils in the head. All the work belongs to the\nfirst half of the 14th century, and in the ground\nstory is a three-light west window with modern net\ntracery, flanked by two empty niches, with below it\na four-centred doorway with continuous wave-mouldings. The tower arch is of three continuous wavemoulded orders. On the west face of the tower, to\nthe south of the niche flanking the west window on\nthe south, is a small and very weathered carving of a\npig with a bell round his neck, known as the Winwick\npig. His story is that, like other supernatural\nagencies under similar circumstances elsewhere, he insisted on bringing all the stones with which the church\nwas being built on another and lower site to the present site, removing each night the preceding day’s work. (fn. 6)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The roof of the Gerard Chapel is modern, but\nthat of the Legh Chapel has heavily-moulded timbers,\nceiled between with plaster panels having moulded\nribs and four-leaved flowers at the centres. Below\nthe beams, at the wall plates, are angels holding\nshields with heraldry. (fn. 7)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The roofs of the aisles have cambered tie-beams and\nbraces, with panels between the beams divided into\nfour by wood ribs. Neither roof is set out to space\nwith the arcades or windows, the south aisle roof\nbeing of seven bays, that in the north aisle of six;\nthey belong probably to c. 1530.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

In the vestry is a very fine and elaborate 15th-century carved beam, found used up in a cottage. It\nhas eleven projecting brackets for images, that in the\nmiddle being larger than the others, and may have\nbeen the front beam of the rood-loft. It is 15 ft.\nlong. An altar table in the vestry dated 1725 is\ninlaid with mahogany, with a ‘glory’ in the middle\nand initials at the corners, and a monogram A T.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

In the Gerard Chapel is the fine brass of Piers\nGerard, son of Sir Thomas Gerard of the Brynn,\n1485, and in the Legh Chapel is a second brass, now\nset against the east wall, with the figures of Sir Peter\nLegh, 1527, and his wife Ellen (Savage), 1491. Sir\nPeter was ordained priest after his wife’s death, and is\nshown on his brass tonsured and with mass vestments\nover his armour. Below are figures of children.\nThere is a brass plate in the chancel pavement to\nRichard Sherlock, rector, 1689.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

Later monuments in the Legh Chapel are those of\nSir Peter Legh, 1635, and Richard Legh and his wife,\n1687. On the south side of the chapel some alabaster panels with strapwork and heraldry, from a\ndestroyed Jacobean monument, are built into the wall. (fn. 8)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

There are six bells, re-cast in 1711.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The church possesses two chalices, patens, and\nflagons of 1786; two chalices, four patens, and two\nflagons of 1795; and a sifter and tray of the same\ndate. Also a pewter flagon and basin, two large\ncopper flagons, red enamelled, with gold flower painting of Japanese style, a gilded brass almsdish and two\nplates, designed by Pugin, and an ebony staff with a\nplated head, the gift of Geoffrey Hornby, rector,\n1781\u20131812.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

In the chancel hangs a brass chandelier, given by\nthe Society of Friends of Warrington.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The registers begin in 1563, the paper book not\nbeing extant. The first volume contains the years\n1563\u20131642, the entries to 1598 being copies. The\nnext volumes in order are 1630\u201377, 1676\u201395,\n1696\u20131717, 1716\u201333.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The octagonal bowl of a 14th-century font found in\n1877 beneath the floor of the church now lies outside\nthe east end of the chancel, in company with the\npiece of an early cross-head described in a previous\nvolume. (fn. 9)<\/a> It is much worn, but has had four-leaved\nflowers on each face, with raised centres, and must\nhave been a good piece of work when perfect. (fn. 10)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t

ADVOWSON<\/h3>\n\t\t\t

‘St. Oswald had two plough-lands\nexempt from all taxation’ in 1066,\nso that the parish church has been\nwell endowed from ancient times. (fn. 11)<\/a> Possibly the\ndedication suggested to Roger of Poitou the propriety of granting it to St. Oswald’s Priory, Nostell, (fn. 12)<\/a> \na grant which appears to have been renewed or confirmed by Stephen, Count of Mortain, between 1114\nand 1121. (fn. 13)<\/a> In 1123 Henry I\nwrote to the Bishop of Chester, directing that full justice\nshould be done to the prior\nand canons of Nostell, whose\nclerks in Makerfield were depriving them of their dues. (fn. 14)<\/a> \nFrom this time the prior and\ncanons presented to the church,\nreceiving certain dues or a fixed\npension; but beyond the statement in the survey of 1212 (fn. 15)<\/a> \nnothing is known until 1252,\nwhen Alexander, Bishop of\nLichfield, having been appealed to by the prior and\nthe canons, decreed that on the next vacancy they\nshould present ‘a priest of honest conversation and\ncompetent learning’ as vicar, who should receive the\nwhole of the fruits of the church, paying to Lichfield\nCathedral and to Nostell Priory a sum of money as\nmight be fixed by the bishop. In the meantime the\nannual pension of 50s<\/em>. then paid to Nostell from the\nchurch of Winwick was to be divided equally, half\nbeing paid to the church of Lichfield. (fn. 16)<\/a> A century\nlater it appears that a pension of 24 marks was due\nfrom the vicarage to the monastery. (fn. 17)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t

Nostell Priory. Gules a cross between four lions rampant or<\/em>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t

In 1291 the annual value was estimated as\n\u00a326 13s<\/em>. 4d<\/em>., (fn. 18)<\/a> while in 1341 the ninth of the corn,\nwool, &c. was valued at 50 marks. (fn. 19)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The first dispute as to the patronage seems to have\noccurred in 1307, when John de Langton claimed it\nin right of his wife Alice, heiress of the lords of Makerfield. The priors of Nostell, however, were able to\nshow a clear title, and the claim was defeated. (fn. 20)<\/a> \nAbout fifty years later the patronage was acquired by\nthe Duke of Lancaster. (fn. 21)<\/a> In 1381 the king was\npatron, (fn. 22)<\/a> and the Crown retained the right until\nHenry VI granted it to Sir John de Stanley, reserving\nto the prior an annual pension of 100s<\/em>. (fn. 23)<\/a> From this\ntime it has descended with the main portion of the\nStanley properties, the Earl of Derby being patron.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

In 1534 the net value was returned as \u00a3102 9s<\/em>. 8d<\/em>., (fn. 24)<\/a> \nbut in 1650 the income was estimated at over \u00a3660, (fn. 25)<\/a> \nand Bishop Gastrell reckoned it at about \u00a3800 after\nthe curates had been paid. (fn. 26)<\/a> At the beginning of last\ncentury, before the division of the endowment, the\nbenefice was considered the richest in the kingdom, (fn. 27)<\/a> \nand its gross value is still put at \u00a31,600. (fn. 28)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The following have been rectors:\u2014<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t
<\/a><\/caption>\n\t\t\t\t
<\/a><\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>Instituted<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Name<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Presented by<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Cause of Vacancy<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1191<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Hugh (fn. 29)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1212<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Richard (fn. 30)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1232<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Robert (fn. 31)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>c.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1250<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>N (fn. 32)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Alexander de Tamworth (fn. 33)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Priory of Nostell<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Augustine de Darington (fn. 34)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1287<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John de Mosley (fn. 35)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>8 Feb. 1306\u20137<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John de Bamburgh (fn. 36)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014 1325<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John de Chisenhale (fn. 37)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Bishop of Lichfield<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. of J. de Bamburgh<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>12 Dec. 1349<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Geoffrey de Burgh (fn. 38)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Priory of Nostell<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. J. de Chisenhale<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>William de Blackburn (fn. 39)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1384\u20135<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John de Harwood (fn. 40)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>23 Jan. 1384\u20135<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas le Boteler (fn. 41)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>The King<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014 1386<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Walter de Thornholme (fn. 42)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014 1388<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Robert le King (fn. 43)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>The Pope<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>6 May 1389<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>William Daas (fn. 44)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>The Pope<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>The King<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>3 April 1423<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Mr. Richard Stanley (fn. 45)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Bishop of Lichfield<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>11 Mar. 1432\u20133<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Bourchier (fn. 46)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Sir John Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. R. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>oc.<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>1436<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>George Radcliffe, D. Decr. (fn. 47)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>19 June 1453<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Edward Stanley (fn. 48)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Sir Thomas Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. G. Radcliffe<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>22 Nov. 1462<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>James Stanley (fn. 49)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Henry Byrom<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. E. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>25 Aug. 1485<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Robert Cliff (fn. 50)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Lord Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. J. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>27 Feb. 1493\u20134<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Mr. James Stanley, D.Can.L. (fn. 51)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>res. R. Cliff<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>21 June 1515<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Mr. Thomas Larke (fn. 52)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. Bp. of Ely<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014 1525<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Winter (fn. 53)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>The King<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>res. T. Larke<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>23 Dec. 1529<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>William Boleyne (fn. 54)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>res. T. Winter<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>10 April 1552<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Stanley (fn. 55)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. W. Boleyne<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>19 Mar. 1568\u20139<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Christopher Thompson, M.A. (fn. 56)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Handford<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. Bp. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>7 Jan. 1575\u20136<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John Caldwell, M.A. (fn. 57)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>depr. or removal of Chr. Thompson<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>18 Feb. 1596\u20137<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John Ryder, M.A. (fn. 58)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>27 Mar. 1616<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Josiah Horne (fn. 59)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>The King<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>prom. Bp. Ryder<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>27 June 1626<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Charles Herle, M.A. (fn. 60)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Sir Edward Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. J. Horne<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Jessop (fn. 61)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>19 Oct. 1660<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Richard Sherlock, D.D. (fn. 62)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>24 July 1689<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Bennet, B.D. (fn. 63)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>John Bennet<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. R. Sherlock<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>30 July 1692<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Hon. Henry Finch, M.A. (fn. 64)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. T. Bennet<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>9 Sept. 1725<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Francis Annesley, LL.D. (fn. 65)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Trustees<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>res. H. Finch<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>13 Sept. 1740<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Hon. John Stanley, M.A. (fn. 66)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Charles Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. F. Annesley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>18 May 1742<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Thomas Stanley, LL.D. (fn. 67)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>res. J. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>24 Aug. 1764<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Hon. John Stanley, M.A. (fn. 68)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. T. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>7 June 1781<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Geoffrey Hornby (fn. 69)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Earl of Derby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. J. Stanley<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>19 Dec. 1812<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>James John Hornby, M.A. (fn. 70)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. G. Hornby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>\u2014<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Nov. 1855<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Frank George Hopwood, M.A. (fn. 71)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. J. J. Hornby<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t\t
\n<\/a>29 April 1890<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>Oswald Henry Leycester Penrhyn, M.A. (fn. 72)<\/a> \n\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>“<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<\/a>d. F. G. Hopwood<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t<\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t

As in the case of other benefices the earlier rectors\nwere probably married ‘clerks,’ enjoying the principal\npart of the revenues of the church, and paying a\npriest to minister in the parish. Two sons of Robert,\nrector in 1232, are known. After the patronage had\nbeen transferred to the Stanleys the rectory became a\n‘family living,’ in the later sense.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

In the Valor of 1535 the only ecclesiastics mentioned are the rector, two chantry priests at Winwick,\nand a third at Newton. (fn. 73)<\/a> The Clergy List<\/em> of 1541\u20132 (fn. 74)<\/a> \nshows three others as residing in this large parish, including the curate, Henry Johnson, paid by Gowther\nLegh, the rector’s steward. The list is probably\nincomplete, for at the visitation of 1548 the names\nof fourteen were recorded\u2014the rector, his curate,\nHugh Bulling, who had replaced Henry Johnson;\nthe three chantry priests and two others just named,\nand seven more. By 1554 these had been reduced\nto six\u2014the rector, his curate, Richard Smith, two of\nthe chantry priests still living there, but only two of\nthe others who had appeared six years earlier. In\n1562 a further reduction is manifest. The rector,\nBishop Stanley, was excused from attendance by the\nbishop; three others appeared, one being a surviving\nchantry priest, but the fifth named was absent. In\nthe following year the rector was again absent; the\ncurate of Newton, the former chantry priest, did not\nappear; but the curates of Ashton and Culcheth\nwere present, and another is named. The improvement was only apparent, for in 1565 the rector,\nthough present, non exhibuit<\/em>, and only two other\nnames are given in the Visitation List, and they are\ncrossed out and two others written over them. It\nseems, therefore, that the working staff had been\nreduced to two\u2014Andrew Rider and Thomas Collier. (fn. 75)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

How the Reformation changes affected the parish\ndoes not appear, except from these fluctuations and\nreductions in the staff of clergy. The rector was not\ninterfered with on the accession of Elizabeth; his\ndignity and age, as well as his family connexions,\nprobably saved him from any compliance beyond employing a curate who would use the new services. His\nsuccessor became a Douay missionary priest, suffering\nimprisonment and exile. Though the rector in 1590\nwas ‘a preacher’ he lived in Cheshire, and his curate\nwas ‘no preacher’; nor were the two chapels at\nNewton and Ashton any better provided. (fn. 76)<\/a> The list\ndrawn up about 1610 shows that though the rector,\nan Irish dignitary, was ‘a preacher,’ the resident\ncurate was not; while at the three chapels there were\n‘seldom curates.’ (fn. 77)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The Commonwealth surveyors of 1650 were not\nquite satisfied with Mr. Herle, for though he was\n‘an orthodox, godly, preaching minister,’ and one of\nthe most prominent Presbyterians in England, he had\nnot observed the day of humiliation recently appointed\nby the Parliament. They recommended the creation\nof four new parishes\u2014the three ancient chapelries,\nand a new one at Lowton. (fn. 78)<\/a> After the Restoration\ntwo or three meetings of Nonconformists seem to\nhave been established. (fn. 79)<\/a> In 1778 each of the four\nchapelries in the parish was served by a resident curate,\npaid chiefly by the rector, except Newton, paid by\nMr. Legh. (fn. 80)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The great changes brought about by the coal\nmining and other industries in the neighbourhood\nhave ecclesiastically, as in other respects, produced a\nrevolution; and by the munificence of Rector J. J.\nHornby\u2014a just munificence, but rare\u2014the modern\nparishes into which Winwick has been divided are\nwell endowed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

There were two chantries in the parish church.\nThe older of them was founded in the chapel of the\nHoly Trinity in 1330 by Gilbert de Haydock, for a\nfit and honest chaplain, who was to pray for the\nfounder by name in every mass, and say the commendation with Placebo<\/em> and Dirige<\/em>, every day except\non double feasts of nine lessons. The right of pre\nsentation was vested in the founder and his heirs, but\nafter a three months’ vacancy it would lapse to the\nbishop. (fn. 81)<\/a> A few of the names of the priests of this\nfoundation occur in the Lichfield Registers, and others\nhave been collected by Mr. Beamont from the Legh\ndeeds. (fn. 82)<\/a> In 1534 the income was 66s<\/em>. 8d<\/em>., and it\nremained the same till the confiscation in 1548. (fn. 83)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

The second chantry, known as the Stanley chantry,\nwas founded by the ancestors of the Earl of Derby.\nIt was in the rector’s chapel, and endowed with burgages in Lichfield and Chester, bringing in a rent of\n66s<\/em>. 8d<\/em>. (fn. 84)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

A grammar school, once of some note, was founded\nby Gowther Legh in the time of Henry VIII, and\nrefounded in 1619 by Sir Peter Legh. (fn. 85)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t

CHARITIES<\/h3>\n\t\t\t

The charities of this parish are\nnumerous and valuable. As in other\ncases, some are general, others applicable to particular objects or townships.<\/p>\n\t\t\t

For the whole parish are the ancient bread charities and other gifts to the poor, (fn. 86)<\/a> the Bible charity\nfounded by Dean Finch, (fn. 87)<\/a> and the modern educational\nfunds. (fn. 88)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

For Winwick-with-Hulme are gifts of linen, &c.,\nfor the poor, (fn. 89)<\/a> and funds for binding apprentices, (fn. 90)<\/a> and buying school books. (fn. 91)<\/a> At Houghton,\nMiddleton, and Arbury are poor’s cottages. (fn. 92)<\/a> Golborne and Lowton together share in William Leadbeater’s benefaction. (fn. 93)<\/a> The townships separately\nhave some minor charities, (fn. 94)<\/a> including poor’s cot\ntages at Lowton. (fn. 95)<\/a> Newton had an ancient poor’s\nstock, spent in providing linen, and other benefactions. (fn. 96)<\/a> A legacy by James Berry in 1836 has\nfailed. (fn. 97)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

For the township of Culcheth as a whole, most of\nthe ancient charities have been united; (fn. 98)<\/a> the Blue\nBoy Charity continues. (fn. 99)<\/a> For Newchurch with Kenyon are funds for the poor, &c.; (fn. 100)<\/a> at Risley the\nalmshouse has failed, (fn. 101)<\/a> but John Ashton’s Charity,\nfounded in 1831, produces \u00a331 10s<\/em>. a year, distributed in money doles. (fn. 102)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

At Southworth-with-Croft a calico dole is maintained. (fn. 103)<\/a> Ashton in Makerfield has charities for\nlinen, woollen, apprenticing boys, &c. (fn. 104)<\/a> At Hay\ndock there are an ancient poor’s stock and a clothing\nendowment. (fn. 105)<\/a> \n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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